ChatGPT Based Data Augmentation for Improved Parameter-Efficient Debiasing of LLMs

Pengrui Han, Rafal Kocielnik, Adhithya Saravanan, Roy Jiang, Or Sharir, Anima Anandkumar


Abstract
Large Language models (LLMs), while powerful, exhibit harmful social biases. Debiasing is often challenging due to computational costs, data constraints, and potential degradation of multi-task language capabilities. This work introduces a novel approach utilizing ChatGPT to generate synthetic training data, aiming to enhance the debiasing of LLMs. We propose two strategies: Targeted Prompting, which provides effective debiasing for known biases but necessitates prior specification of bias in question; and General Prompting, which, while slightly less effective, offers debiasing across various categories. We leverage resource-efficient LLM debiasing using adapter tuning and compare the effectiveness of our synthetic data to existing debiasing datasets. Our results reveal that: (1) ChatGPT can efficiently produce high-quality training data for debiasing other LLMs; (2) data produced via our approach surpasses existing datasets in debiasing performance while also preserving internal knowledge of a pre-trained LLM; and (3) synthetic data exhibits generalizability across categories, effectively mitigating various biases, including intersectional ones. These findings underscore the potential of synthetic data in advancing the fairness of LLMs with minimal retraining cost.
Anthology ID:
2024.ltedi-1.8
Volume:
Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity, Inclusion
Month:
March
Year:
2024
Address:
St. Julian's, Malta
Editors:
Bharathi Raja Chakravarthi, Bharathi B, Paul Buitelaar, Thenmozhi Durairaj, György Kovács, Miguel Ángel García Cumbreras
Venues:
LTEDI | WS
SIG:
Publisher:
Association for Computational Linguistics
Note:
Pages:
73–105
Language:
URL:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.ltedi-1.8
DOI:
Bibkey:
Cite (ACL):
Pengrui Han, Rafal Kocielnik, Adhithya Saravanan, Roy Jiang, Or Sharir, and Anima Anandkumar. 2024. ChatGPT Based Data Augmentation for Improved Parameter-Efficient Debiasing of LLMs. In Proceedings of the Fourth Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity, Inclusion, pages 73–105, St. Julian's, Malta. Association for Computational Linguistics.
Cite (Informal):
ChatGPT Based Data Augmentation for Improved Parameter-Efficient Debiasing of LLMs (Han et al., LTEDI-WS 2024)
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PDF:
https://aclanthology.org/2024.ltedi-1.8.pdf